Thèmes de recherche
Anthropologue juridique des migrations, j’explore à partir de concepts juridiques, des acteurs et trajectoires qui aboutissent à des situations d’exploitation, de torture et à des traitements inhumains et dégradants. Au cours de mes recherches, j’ai élaboré une approche ethnographique de la gouvernance migratoire, qui met en lumière les intermédiaires et des normes plurielles. Mon hypothèse est que les intermédiaires de la migration cristallisent d’importants enjeux de pouvoir et de résistance. Par cette clé de lecture, j’ai étudié d’abord les risques liés au départ du Cameroun au prisme de la traite des êtres humains, ensuite les risques des séjours irréguliers au prisme des « accords de migration et développement », et enfin les risques des retours involontaires en Afrique et au Proche-Orient au prisme du principe du non-refoulement.
Après dix ans de recherche en Afrique, je me suis tournée vers le Proche-Orient, une région majeure pour les réfugiés. L’accès aux droits des réfugiés et d’autres migrants dans ces deux régions est marqué par la volonté de l’Union Européenne d’externaliser le contrôle des frontières et de se décharger des responsabilités de protection internationale. En mettant en perspective la gouvernance migratoire en Afrique et au Proche-Orient, je vise à mettre en lumière des enjeux de pouvoirs et de résistance communs dans deux régions du Sud.
Parcours de recherche
2024 – 2026 : Responsable scientifique, « Removal infrastructures for Syrians in Lebanon and Turkey »
2012 – 2024 : Postdoc, Ghent University, Belgique.
2017 : Postdoc, Utrecht University, Pays Bas
2011 – 2017, Postdoc, Free University Amsterdam, Pays Bas
Chercheure invitée
- 2023 – en cours : Lebanese American University (LAU), Liban, sous la supervision de Jasmin Diab
- 2019 : University of Benin (Uniben), Nigéria, sous la supervision de Kokunre Eghafona
- 2013 : International Relations Institute of Cameroon (IRIC) sous la supervision de Mireille Manga
- 2012 – 2016 : Centre de recherches internationales (CERI) sous la supervision de Catherine Withold de Wenden
- 2012 : Danish Institute of International Studies (DIIS) sous la supervision de Ninna Nyberg Sorensen
- 2011 : Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO) sous la supervision de Samuli Schielke
Bibliographie
• Ouvrage
Alpes, M. J., (2017), Brokering High-Risk Migration in West Africa : Abroad at all cost. Ashgate.
• Articles
Alpes, M.J., and Sylla, A., « La prévention de l’émigration par des retours : Les « retournés » de la Libye dans leurs condition citoyenne au Nigéria et au Mali », Cahiers d’études africaines (in press).
Alpes, M.J., et al, (2023), “Who owns the future of Syrians : Intimate family explorations of durable solutions”, Special Issue on Durable Solutions, Journal of Refugee Studies.
Alpes, M.J., and Akesson, L., (2018), “What is a legitimate migration manager ? Juxtaposing migration brokers with the EU.”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45 (14), pp. 2689-2705.
Alpes, M. J., (2017), “Papers that work : Migration brokers and questions of illegality in Anglophone Cameroon”, POLAR 40 (2) : 262-277.
Alpes, M.J., (2017), “Why aspiring migrants trust migration brokers : The moral economy of departure in Anglophone Cameroon”, Africa (87 (2) : 304- 321.
Alpes, M.J., (2017), “Les dynamiques sociologiques entre contrôle des migrations et protection sociale : femmes migrantes sans papiers en quête d’hébergement à Paris”, Revue Européennes des Migrations Internationales, 33 (4).
Alpes, M.J., (2017), “Bad luck, bad behaviour and laziness : an ethnographic outlook on the causes of deportations in Anglophone Cameroon”, Mondi Migranti (2).
Alpes, M. J., (2015), “Social Protection and Migration Control : The case of migrant care workers and Parisian welfare hotels”, Transnational Social Review 5 (3) : 296- 311.
Alpes, M. J., (2015), “Airport casualties : Non- admission return risks at times of externalised and internalised migration control”, Social Sciences. 4(3) : 742- 757.
Alpes, M.J., and Spire, A., (2014), “Dealing with Law in migration control : The Powers of Street-level bureaucrats at French Consulates”, Social and Legal Studies 23 (2) : 261- 274. Impact Factor 1,119.
Alpes, M. J. (2014), “Imagining a future in bush : migration aspirations at times of crisis in Anglophone Cameroon”, Identities 21 (3) : 259- 274.
Alpes, M. J., (2013), “Payer pour émigrer : des intermédiaires de la migration au Cameroun”, Autrepart 3 (66) : 83- 97.
Alpes, M. J. (2012), “Bush at all cost : the knowledge economy of emigration in Anglophone Cameroon”, African Diaspora 5 (1) : 90- 115.
Alpes, M. J., (2008), “The traffic in voices : contrasting experiences of migrant women in prostitution with the paradigm of ‘human trafficking’”, Human Security Journal, (Paris, vol. 6, spring 2008).
Alpes, M. J., (2007), “The Congress and the INA Trials, 1945- 50 : a Contest over the Perception of ‘Nationalist’ Politics”, Studies in History, 23 (1) : 135- 158.
• Chapitres d’ouvrages
Alpes, M.J., (2023), « Postface. Les chercheur-es aux frontières du droit et du pouvoir », Lendaro, A., ed., Gouverner les Exilés aux frontières : Pouvoir discrétionnaire et résistance, Éditions du Croquant.
Alpes, M. J., (2023), “Return after interrupted migration cycles”, Jacobsen, K., and Majidi, N., Handbook on Forced Migration, Elgar.
Van Walsum, S., and Alpes, M. J., (2014), “Transnational Households : Migrants and Care, at Home and Abroad” in Anderson, B., and Shutes, I., (eds.), Migration and Care Labour : Theory, Policy and Politics, Palgrave Macmillan.
Alpes, M.J., (2019), “Unravelling the legal consciousness of deportation policies through women’s bushfalling narratives in Anglophone Cameroon”, in Hillmann, F., Spaan, E., and van Naerssen, T., (eds.), Migration Mobilities : the Migrant Actor in transnational space.
Alpes, M.J., (2018), “Non-admitted” : Migration-Related Detention of Forcibly Returned Citizens in Cameroon,” in Khosravi, S. (ed.), After Deportation : Ethnographic Perspectives, Palgrave.
Alpes, M. J., (2016), “Marriage at the Embassy : Securing the EurAfrican Border in Cameroon” in EurAfrican Borders and Migration Management : Political Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives, Bellagamba, A., Dünnwald, S., Gaibazzi, P., (eds.), Palgrave.
Alpes, M. J., (2016), “The emergence of bushfalling : Placing local migration methods in a historical and global perspective”, in Emigration Internationale au Cameroun : des enjeux nouveaux aux nouvelles figures, Kamdem, P., Mimche, H., eds. Paris, Harmattan.
Van Walsum, S., and Alpes, M. J., (2014), “Transnational Households : Migrants and Care, at Home and Abroad” in Anderson, B., and Shutes, I., (eds.), Migration and Care Labour : Theory, Policy and Politics, Palgrave Macmillan.
Alpes, M. J. (2013), “’Why do they take the money and not give visas ?’ The governmentality of consulate offices in Cameroon”, in Disciplining the transnational movement of people, Pecoud, A., and Geiger, M., (eds.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Alpes, M.J., (2013), “Law and credibility of migration brokers : the case of emigration dynamics in Cameroon”, IMI Working Paper 80, University of Oxford, December.
Alpes, M. J., (2013), “Migration brokerage, illegality, and the state : The case of two NGOs in Anglophone Cameroon”, DIIS Working Paper Series.
Alpes, M. J., (2012), “Bushfalling – the making of migration expectations in Anglophone Cameroon”, in The Global horizon : migratory expectations in Africa and the Middle East, Graw, K., and Schielke, S. (eds.). Leuven University Press.
Alpes, M. J., (2010), “Escaping statism : From the paradigm of trafficking to the migration trajectories of West African sex workers in Paris”, in Sex-Trafficking, Human Rights, and Social Justice, Zheng, T. (ed.). Routledge.
• Choix de publications spécialisées destinées à un large public
Fehr, I., and Alpes, M.J, (2023), “Pushing states to evidence pushbacks : Lessons from MH vs Croatia for intersecting domestic criminal law and international human rights,” DISSECT Blog Post, Ghent University.
Baranowska, G., Alpes, M.J., De Coninck, J., and Barakou, S., (2023), Submission by the Centre for Fundamental Rights at the Hertie School, Berlin, and Human Rights Centre of the University of Ghent pursuant to Rule 9.2 of the Committee of Ministers’ Rules for the Supervision of the Execution of Judgments, on the implementation of M.K and other v. Poland (Application No 40503/17, 42902/17, 43643/17).
Alpes, M.J., (2021), Pushbacks and expulsions from Cyprus and Lebanon : The risks of (chain) refoulement to Syria, chapter 6, in Return Mania : Mapping policies and practices in the EuroMed region, EuroMed Rights.
Alpes, M.J., (2020), Emergency returns from Libya and Niger : A protection response or a source of protection concerns ?, Brot für die Welt/ Medico.
Alpes, M.J., Majcher, I., (2020), Who can and cannot be sustainably reintegrated after return ? Using post-return monitoring for protection and human right guarantees, UNU-CRIS Policy Brief Series.
Alpes, M.J., (May 2019), “After Deportation, Some Congolese Returnees Face Detention and Extortion”, Source, Migration Policy Institute.
Alpes, M.J., Tunaboylu, S., van Liempt, I., (2017), “Human right violations by design : EU-Turkey Statement prioritizes returns from Greece over access to asylum”, EUI Policy Brief (29).
Alpes, M.J., Tunaboylu, S., Ulusoy, O., Hassan, S., (2017), “Post-deportation risks under the EU-Turkey Statement : What happens after readmission to Turkey ?”, EUI Policy Brief (30).
Tunaboylu, S., and Alpes, J., “The EU Turkey deal : What happens to people who return to Turkey ?”, Forced Migration Review, February 2017.
Alpes, J., Blondel, C., Preiss, N., and Sayos Monras, M., “Post-deportation risks for failed asylum seekers”, Forced Migration Review, February 2017.
Alpes, M.J., and Nyborg Sorensen, N., (2016), “Post-deportation risks”, DIIS Policy Brief.
Alpes, M. J., Blondel, C., Preiss, N., et Sayos Monras, M., (2015), “Débouté du droit d’asile : la triple peine”, Plein Droit 107.
Alpes, M. J., Preiss, N., et Blondel, C., (2015), “Pénaliser l’émigration : l’Europe complice”, Plein Droit 107.
Alpes, M. J., and Nyborg Sorensen, N., (2015) “Migration risk campaigns are based on wrong assumptions”, DIIS Policy Brief.
Alpes, M. J., (2014), “Illegal at Home : Are Deportees and Non-Admitted Travellers Criminalized in their Countries of Origin ?” Available at : http://bordercriminologies.law.ox.ac.uk/deportees-non-admitted-travellers/
Alpes, M. J., (2014), “Airport ethnography : researching exit and entry controls at the airport in Douala, Cameroon”, Available at : http://www.sciencespo.fr/mobglob/?p=371#more-371